MOTIVATION
" motivation is, in a few wordst, what makes an individual act and behave in a certain way. It is a combination of of intellectual processes, physiological and psychological factors that decides in a given situation, what force is acted and in what direction energy is channeled. " (1)
Motivation is a generic term that applies to a wide range of drives, desires, needs, desires, and similar forces.
An administrators say´s that motivates his subordinates, ie doing things that can satisfy those urges and desires and lead subordinates to act in a certain way. "(2)
" motivation is, in a few wordst, what makes an individual act and behave in a certain way. It is a combination of of intellectual processes, physiological and psychological factors that decides in a given situation, what force is acted and in what direction energy is channeled. " (1)
Motivation is a generic term that applies to a wide range of drives, desires, needs, desires, and similar forces.
An administrators say´s that motivates his subordinates, ie doing things that can satisfy those urges and desires and lead subordinates to act in a certain way. "(2)
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow identified a range of needs experienced by the individual, giving rise to the so-called 'pyramid of needs. " According to this theory, the satisfaction of needs which are at a given level leads to the next in the hierarchy, however there are areas of overlap from one level to another and in which there is not a total satisfaction of needs.
Maslow proposed at first five levels of needs and ranked them in order of relevance. At the base of the pyramid are the basic and primary needs, and on the cusp are psychological or secondary.
When you have covered the basic needs; the desires of each individual are the ones that determine the order needs and even the hierarchy may change over time.
When you have covered the basic needs; the desires of each individual are the ones that determine the order needs and even the hierarchy may change over time.
Herzbergp´s factors Theory
Herzberg believes that there are two factors that explain the motivation of employees in a company: Motivating factors. Which determines the greater or lower job satisfaction degree and that it is related to the job content:
Herzberg believes that there are two factors that explain the motivation of employees in a company: Motivating factors. Which determines the greater or lower job satisfaction degree and that it is related to the job content:
- Conducting an interesting job.
- Achievement.
- Responsibility.
- Recognition.
- Promotion.
- Etcetera.
These factors are driving the worker to a positive attitude and feel satisfaction. Hygiene factors. They relate to the work context and refer to the treatment that people receive in their work:
- Achievement.
- Responsibility.
- Recognition.
- Promotion.
- Etcetera.
These factors are driving the worker to a positive attitude and feel satisfaction. Hygiene factors. They relate to the work context and refer to the treatment that people receive in their work:
- Working conditions.
- The salary.
- Human relations.
- The policy of the company.
- Etcetera.
ERG Theory
Clay Alderfer, is consistent with Maslow in the sense that individuals have a hierarchy of needs, however, Alderfer claims that are not five but three groups of people's basic needs:
Basic Needs: Are the material needs that are met with food, water, air, pay, benefits and working conditions.
Requirements for: They are satisfied to establish and maintain interpersonal relationships with co-workers, with bosses, subordinates, friends and family.
Need for Growth: Are those that are expressed through the attempts of the person, in order to find opportunities to develop as creative or productive contributions made to work.
Theory X and Theory Y Theory
was developed by Douglas McGregor. People is classified as either X or Y. X type is lazy, dislike working and responsibilities, don’t have ambitions, whereas Y type sees working as something valuable, is involve in the organization, is creative and enjoy responsibilities. Further more Douglas includes the Maslow hierarchy as a way to motivate both types; lower order needs for type X and higher order needs for type Y.
was developed by Douglas McGregor. People is classified as either X or Y. X type is lazy, dislike working and responsibilities, don’t have ambitions, whereas Y type sees working as something valuable, is involve in the organization, is creative and enjoy responsibilities. Further more Douglas includes the Maslow hierarchy as a way to motivate both types; lower order needs for type X and higher order needs for type Y.
Sources:
- (1) Solana, Ricardo F.. Management Organizations. Interoceanic Ediciones SABuenos Aires, 1993. Page 208
- (2) Koontz, Harold; Weihrich, Heinz. Administration, 11th overall perspective. Edition.Editorial Mc Graw Hill. Mexico, 1999. Page 501
- Image source: http://nodearth.wordpress.com/
- http://www.businessballs.com/mcgregor.htm
- http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_mcgregor_theory_X_Y.html
- Image source: http://www.anacco.pl/page,list,id,29,ids,13,Teoria_ERG_wg_Alderfera.html
1. What are the Hawthorne Studies? explain its importance for studying motivation at the workplace and its influence over divers you think has the most relevance for understanding the behavior of Griffin and fostering her motivation at work?e motivation theories. (include key findings and limitations) (max. 500 words)
As The Hawthorn Studies are known those studies conducted to a group of female workers at the Western Electric by its managers and a group of researches from Harvard University between 1924 and 1932. The objective of this investigation was to prove Taylor’s idea that more light in the workplace would increase the productivity of workers. But what researchers and managers did discover was that despite a reduction in light provided to work areas, Productivity would still rise. After this findings the investigation focused on the relation ship between managers and workers However, to the amazement of the researchers, the experiment showed productivity rising still further, even with a decrease in illumination.
These studies made by Hawthorne are important to take into account at the time of analyzing motivation theories over employees' performances, because it shows factors that weren't considered in the theories that we saw before and are causing alterations in the results of productivity even if these alterations are seemed in a short-term way.
This study influence the other theories due to fact that this was one of the first studies made and concerned about employees' motivation depending on internal and external factor, and was experimenting how productivity could change depending on the motivation and treatment that was being given to the workers. Even though there were obstacles obtained by the fact of the experiment, they could see there was an increase of productivity when tasks and jobs were dynamically changed for a short-time period
.
These studies made by Hawthorne are important to take into account at the time of analyzing motivation theories over employees' performances, because it shows factors that weren't considered in the theories that we saw before and are causing alterations in the results of productivity even if these alterations are seemed in a short-term way.
This study influence the other theories due to fact that this was one of the first studies made and concerned about employees' motivation depending on internal and external factor, and was experimenting how productivity could change depending on the motivation and treatment that was being given to the workers. Even though there were obstacles obtained by the fact of the experiment, they could see there was an increase of productivity when tasks and jobs were dynamically changed for a short-time period
.
2. Based on the class activity about "Flight 001: Motivating Employees", please answer the following question:
¿Which motivation theory do you think has the most relevance for understanding the behavior of Griffin and fostering her motivation at work?
In my opinion , what happened to Griffin at her old Job was that she did not have Job security and its manager and job did not also provide her with any motivation so she quit her job, but the story was completely different for her at Flight 001. She found there that hygiene factor such as achievement, recognition,responsibility and growth make her motivated at many different aspects that she literally fell in love with his job an feel herself satisfy and ready to give her best at working in Flight 001,all this factors were provided so she did not become dissatisfy .So in my opinion the theory that fits better to the behavior of Griffin and fostering and her motivation at work is Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory. This is because first it explains the importance of provide hygiene factor to a person in order to avoid dissatisfaction and Motivators to improve their Job satisfaction and motivation.
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